TENSE | FORM | USE | SIGNAL WORDS |
PRESENT
SIMPLE | A: I / You / We / They eat
He / She / It eats
N: I / You / We / They don't eat
He / She / It doesn't eat
Q: Do
I / You / We / They eat?
Does He / She / It eat?
| Con acciones rutinarias: I see my grandparents twice a week.
Con hechos o verdades generales: Water boils at 100 Cº
Con situaciones permanentes: I work as a Walter in a restaurant
Acciones futuras con horarios de trenes, aviones, etc. My train leaves at 5.30
Oraciones condicionales de 1er tipo y en oraciones temporales
Con verbos que no suelen ir en presente
continuo: know, like, hate, want, love, need, belong, mean, understand, remember, prefer…
| - Adverbios de frecuencia: always, often, usually, generally, seldom, never…
- Every day/ week/ month…
- Once / Twice / Three times… a week/ day / month/ year…
|
PRESENT
CONTINUOUS | A: I am eating
He / She / It is eating
We / You / They are eating
N: I am not eating
He / She / It isn't eating
We / You / They aren't eating
Q: Am I eating?
Is He / She / It eating?
Are We / You / They eating?
| Con acciones que ocurren en el momento de hablar: We're studying the verbs now.
Con acciones que están ocurriendo temporalmente: My brother is working hard this year.
Con acciones habituales que causan irritación al hablante: They are always complaining about the same thing.
Con acciones futuras planeadas y confirmadas (fecha): She's visiting the doctor tomorrow morning.
* El presente continuo no se suele utilizar con los siguientes verbos: know, like, want, hate, love, need, belong mean, understand, believe, remember, prefer; aunque algunos de estos verbos pueden aparecer en forma continua con un sentido diferente
| - Now, right now
- At present, at the moment, in this moment, ….
- These days, this year/ month/ week…, nowadays
- Tonight, tomorrow, next week / month…, in a minute, in a couple of days…
|
PAST
SIMPLE | A: He watched
/ He ate
N: He didn't watch / He didn't eat
Q: Did he watch? / Did he eat? | Con acciones pasadas que tuvieron lugar en un momento determinado: We didn't watch TV last night
Narrar hechos pasados secuenciados
Normalmente, después de las siguientes expresiones: I wish, If only, as if, as though, would rather, would sooner, it's time….
| - Yesterday
- Last month / week..
- Ago
- Fechas pasadas
|
PAST
CONTINUOUS | A: I / He / She / It was eating
We / You / They were eating
N: I / He / She / It wasn't eating
We / You / They weren't eating
Q:
Was I / He / She / It eating?
Were We / You / They eating?
| Para expresar una acción incompleta que estaba ocurriendo en el pasado. (acción larga): Last week, we were working in a science project.
Para señalar que una acción larga estaba teniendo lugar en el pasado cuando fue interrumpida por otra breve: We were watching TV, when suddenly the TV set broke down.
Para indicar que 2 o + acciones largas estaban ocurriendo simultáneamente en el pasado: While I was cooking dinner, he was laying the table.
Para indicar acciones repetidas y monótonas en el pasado indicando cierta queja: The children were always screaming.
Para descripciones y especificaciones: People were walking, the sun was shining, the birds….
| |
PRESENT
PERFECT
SIMPLE | A: I / You / We / They have eaten
He / She / It has eaten
N: I / You / We / They haven't eaten
He / She / It hasn't eaten
Q: have I / You / We / They eaten?
has He / She / It eaten?
| Para hablar de acciones que ocurrieron en el pasado pero llegan o tienen importancia en el presente: I have found a wallet in the street.
Con el superlativo: She's the most intelligent person I have ever met.
En las expresiones
It's the first/ second time: It's the first time I've eaten raw fish
| - Already (AF)…ya
- Yet (NG/INT)….ya, aún, todavía
- For…durante
- Since…desde
- Just…acabo de
- This week/ month…
- Recently
- Adverbios de frecuencia: ever…
|
PRESENT
PERFECT
CONTINUOUS | A: I / You / We / They have been eating
He / She / It has been eating
N: I / You / We / They haven't been eating
He / She / It hasn't been eating
Q: have I / You / We / They been
eating?
has He / She / It been
eating?
| Tiene el mismo uso que el present perfect simple pero resaltando la duración de la actividad: I've been working in this factory since 1999.
Para hablar de acciones pasadas que acaban de concluir y su resultado es evidente: Have you been frying fish?
| - Already (AF)…ya
- Yet (NG/INT)….ya, aún, todavía
- For…durante
- Since…desde
- Just…acabo de
- This week/ month…
- Recently
- Adverbios de frecuencia: ever…
|
PAST
PERFECT
SIMPLE | A: He had eaten
N: He hadn't eaten
Q: Had he eaten? | Para hablar de una acción pasada que ocurrió antes que otra: The school had already closed when I arrived.
En oraciones condicionales de 3er tipo
En oraciones temporales para enfatizar que una acción pasada estaba totalmente acabada antes de comenzar otra: He didn't go to bed until the last TV programme had finished.
Con I wish / If only
para lamentarnos de algo que ha ocurrido en el pasado: If only they had stayed with us (ojalá)
En la expresión It was the first / the second… time: It was the second time I had flown.
| - Already (AF)…ya
- Just
- Until / Till
- Before
- As soon as
- After
|
PAST
PERFECT
CONTINUOUS | A: He had been eating
N: He hadn't been eating
Q: Had he been
eating? | | - For
- Since
- The whole day / all day
|
FUTURE I
SIMPLE
(WILL) | A: He
will eat
N: He won't eat
Q: Will
he
eat? | Expresar certeza en el futuro: We will definitely phone her tonight.
Predicciones: It'll be windy tomorrow.
Promesas: I'll buy you a present for your birthday.
Tomar una decisión en el momento de hablar: It's hot in here. I'll open the windows.
Hacer un ofrecimiento: I'll carry the suitcase if you like.
Pedir algo educadamente: Will you do it for me?
En condicionales de 1er tipo: If it rains, we'll stay at home.
Cuando sugerimos algo utilizamos SHALL: Shall we go to the cinema tonight?
| - Tomorrow
- Next day/ week….
- Fechas futuras
|
FUTURE I
SIMPLE
(GOING TO) | A: I am going to eat
He / She / It is going to eat
We / You / They are going to eat
N: I am not going to eat
He / She / It isn't going to eat
We / You / They aren't going to eat
Q: Am I going to eat?
Is He / She / It going to eat?
Are We / You / They going to eat?
| Expresar intenciones: I'm going to eat less.
Para hablar de planes futuros: They're going to build a new bridge in autumn.
Para hacer predicciones de futuro a través de hechos evidentes en el presente: It's very hot today. We are going to sweat .
Para hablar de hechos que van a ocurrir con seguridad en el futuro: I'm going to finish Bachillerato next year.
| - Tomorrow
- Next day/ week….
- Fechas futuras
|
FUTURE I
CONTINUOUS | A: He
will be eating
N: He won't be eating
Q: Will
he be
eating? | Para hablar de acciones que estarán en marcha en un momento determinado del futuro: At this time next web we'll be flying to New York.
Para preguntar por los planes de los demás sobre todo, cuando queremos pedir un favor: Will you be driving to the supermarket tomorrow.
| - Tomorrow
- Next day/ week….
- Fechas futuras
|
FUTURE II
PERFECT SIMPLE | A: He will have eaten.
N: He won't have eaten.
Q:
Will he have eaten? | | |
FUTURE II
PERFECT
CONTINUOUS | A: He will have been eating.
N: He won't have been eating.
Q:
Will he have been eating? | | |
CONDITIONAL I
SIMPLE | A: He would eat.
N: He wouldn't eat.
Q:
Would he eat? | | - Conditional sentences (if) type II
|
CONDITIONAL I
CONTINUOUS | A: He would be eating.
N: He wouldn't be eating.
Q:
Would he be eating? | | |
CONDITIONAL II SIMPLE | A: He would have eaten.
N: He wouldn't have eaten.
Q:
Would he have eaten? | Acción que podría haber tenido lugar en el pasado
Condicionales de tipo III: If I had studied for the exam, I would have passed it.
| - Conditional sentences (if) type III
|
CONDITIONAL
II
CONTINUOUS | A: He would have been eating.
N: He wouldn't have been eating.
Q:
Would he have been eating? | | |
